Gender wage gaps

â€Å" In all of the advanced capitalist states adult females were sing the contradictions of an instruction which seemed to assure self-fulfilment, and a labor market based on inequalities of category and gender † ( Brinton, 1993, as cited in Threlfall, 1996, p. 270 ) . This statement has been made more than fifteen old ages ago and indicated that adult females were non treated every bit sing work and wage. However, have fortunes changed since so? If yes, did they better or decline and to which widen? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the being of a gender pay spread in Japan and Germany and to measure possible grounds for it. Furthermore, an mentality for the hereafter will be given at the terminal.2. Gender Wage Gap in JapanThe Nipponese jurisprudence system is regulated by the Nipponese Standards Labour Law which was enacted after World War II in 1947. This Nipponese Standards Labour Law contained a clause which should protect working adult females. In world, this cl ause prevented adult females from working inordinate overtime and during darks ( Sama and Papamarcos, 2000 ) . This is why adult females could non mount up the oily pole. Furthermore, this jurisprudence prohibited that adult females were treated otherwise on the footing of sex ( Threlfall, 1996 ) . On top of this, as stated by Threlfall ( 1996 ) , the Standards Labour Law covered merely equal rewards but non publicity or retirement. During this clip, employers could be sued for favoritism, but this was an expensive and time-consuming act as each instance had to be dealt with individually. Additionally, many companies circumvented the danger of cases by new scaling of occupation rubrics ( Threlfall, 1996 ) . This changed in 1986 when the Equal Employment Opportunity Law ( EEOL ) was passed ( Sama and Papamarcos, 2000 ) . This jurisprudence encouraged companies in Japan to handle employees every bit in all facets like rewards, publicity, enlisting and hiring ( Threlfall, 1996 ) . Unfo rtunately, the EEOL contained no punishments for go oning favoritism and besides its amendment, which was enacted in 1999, did non truly better the inequalities sing pay and publicity between work forces and adult females ( Sama and Papamarcos, 2000 ) . Figure 1 clarifies these of import labor Torahs in Japan.Figure 1: Legal Mechanisms and Government EnterprisesNipponese Labour Standards Law of 1947 Contained protective clause for working adult females. Came under examination in 1970s as a possible hindrance to adult females ‘s calling promotion. Equal Employment Opportunity Law ( EEOL ) of 1986 Enacted in 1987, the EEOL called for equal wage for equal work. No punishments for lawbreakers. Employers asked merely to do a good attempt. June 1997 Amendment to the EEOL Enacted in 1999, the amendment lifted limitations on midnight, vacation, and overtime work by adult females in consequence since the 1947 Labor Standards Law. Further stiffened warnings against companies found in misdemeanor of the EEOL. No punishments attached. Beginning: Adapted from: Sama, L. and Papamarcos, S. ( 2000 ) . ‘Culture ‘s effects for working adult females in corporate America and Japan, Ind. ‘ . Cross Cultural Management – An International Journal. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 18-29. Harmonizing to Selmer ( 2001 ) , the Nipponese â€Å" pay system is based on senior status † ( pp. 236-237 ) . This indicates that publicity and pay rise are automatic and no topic to occupation responsibilities or virtue ( Selmer, 2001 ) . That means that employees get publicity and pay rise when they reach certain age degrees. â€Å" The gender pay spread is measured as the average pay of work forces minus the average pay of adult females, expressed as a proportion of the average pay of work forces † ( Evans, 2002, p. 191 ) . As stated by the World Economic Forum ( 2005 ) , â€Å" no state has yet managed to extinguish the gender spread † ( p. 1 ) . Harmonizing to OECD ( 2007 ) , the adult females ‘s medium pay in Japan is two tierces of that received by work forces. This represents twice the OECD norm. Figure 2 displays the gender pay spread of several states. Blau and Kahn ( 2003 ) stated that the gender pay spread in Japan is up to 85 % ( as cited in Johnes and Tanaka, 2006 ) . This means that adult females earn up to 85 % less than work forces. Recent beginnings indicated a gender pay spread of 65.9 % for 2007 ( Nipponese Institute for Labour Policy and Training, 2008 ) . The differences in the gender pay spread are capable to different informations used for analysis. Some computations include parttime workers, which are chiefly female and others base their computations on full-time employees merely.Figure 2: Gender Pay Gap in 2003Beginning: Adapted from: OECD ( 2007 ) . ‘Highlights Japan ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oecd.org/dataoecd/20/20/39696303.pdf [ Accessed 29 December 2008 ] . 3. Reasons for the Gender Wage Gap in Japan As already stated above, Nipponese houses discriminate on the evidences of gender when paying employees. This chapter evaluates several grounds for the gender pay spread in Japan. First of wholly, many workers in Japan acquire a lifetime employment contract ( Ishii, 2000 ) . Nipponese houses make immense investings in employee preparation and that is why they want their employees to remain as long with the company as possible. Therefore, the continuance of fond regard to a house plays an of import function when negociating rewards. As it is most frequently foreseeable that adult females will non remain with one company for their whole life, because they want to get down a household one twenty-four hours, they reasonably much ne'er acquire a life-time contract ( Ishii, 2000 ) . Therefore, as stated by Ihsii ( 2000 ) , companies make no investing in human capital when they employ adult females as they think they will non profit in the hereafter from this investing as adult females soon er or later leave the company. The 2nd ground for the gender pay spread is based on different experiences. Miyoshi ( 2007 ) argued that there is no gender wage spread when people are employed straight after school, college or university. But when employees accumulate work experience, the pay spread enlarges. Miyoshi ( 2007 ) explains this fact by mentioning to the full-time work experience and senior status. The more full-time work experience an employee has, the more valuable he is. As adult females frequently have less work experience because of child-raising duties and merely parttime occupations, the get less money and less publicity than their male opposite number. Different features of workers represent the 3rd ground for the gender pay spread in Japan. Johnes and Tanaka ( 2006 ) explained that different features like age, work experience, instruction and continuance of work are one ground for the gender wage spread in Japan. They agree with Miyoshi when saying that differences in work experience are the ground for wage inequalities, but they extend the statement by adding other features like age and instruction. The greater portion of the gender pay spread in Japan can be explained by mentioning to the grounds stated above. However, there is besides a smaller portion of the net incomes spread that can non be explained. Harmonizing to Kawaguchi ( 2006 ) , this portion can be attributed to arouse favoritism.4. Gender Wage Gap in GermanySing German jurisprudence, article 3 paragraph 2 of the German Fundamental law of 1949 provinces that work forces and adult females have equal rights ( Maier, 2007 ) . Furthermore, paragraph 3 provinces that no 1 should be discriminated on the evidences of gender. This right for equal intervention and payment was non practiced in world as particular pay groups for adult females were allowed in corporate understandings until 1955 ( Maier, 2007 ) . Furthermore, Maier ( 2007 ) stated that most employees in Germany are paid harmonizing to these corporate understandings, â€Å" although the coverage is worsening † ( p. 11 ) . In 1980, a new paragraph was added to the German Constitution which demanded equal wage for work of equal value ( Winter, 1998 ) . But this amendment brought no opportunity. Later, in 2006, the General Equal Treatment Act was passed and paragraph 7 prohibited â€Å" unequal intervention within any employment relationship † ( Maier, 2007, p. 18 ) . This jurisprudence stated that lower rewards for adult females are non justified if they are based on gender. Unfortunately, German jurisprudence still lacks legal steps to command the execution of equal pay rules. Furthermore, Maier ( 2007 ) stated that it is non easy for adult females to claim their right for equal wage. Class actions are non allowed and therefore, all adult females must convey their single claim to tribunal. As this is frequently an expensive and time-consuming procedure, many complainants refrain from registering a suit ( Maier, 2007 ) . That is why Germany has a important high gender pay spread, although the German authorities has a female Chan cellor of the Exchequer ( Plass, 2008 ) . In world, as stated by Plass ( 2008 ) , Germany has one of the highest gender wage spreads on the European continent. Furthermore, more than 90 per centum of all on the job adult females are discriminated and earn between 80 and 210 cents less per hr ( Grad & A ; iacute ; n, del R & A ; iacute ; o and Cant & A ; oacute ; , 2006 ) . Legal norms for equal wage in Germany are displayed in figure 3.Figure 3: Legal Norms on Equal Pay in GermanyLegal footing Article/paragraph Persons covered Basic Law ( Grundgesetz ) Article 3 Para 2 and 3 All employees Civil Code ( B & A ; uuml ; rgerliches Gesetzbuch )  § 612 Para 3 ; Replaced by General Equal Treatment Act ( Allgemeines Gleichstellungsgesetz AGG ) in 2006,  §Ã‚ §3, 7, 8Any employment relationshipBeginning: Adapted from: Maier, F. ( 2007 ) . ‘The continuity of the gender pay spread in Germany ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //ww w.harriet-taylor-mill.de/pdfs/ discuss/Discussion % 20Paper % 2001 % 202007.pdf [ Accessed 29 December 2008 ] . Harmonizing to the German authorities statistics agency, Destatis, working adult females in Germany earned 24 per centum less than work forces in 2006 ( as cited in Plass, 2008 ) . As stated by Maier ( 2007 ) , this figure has been reduced to 22 per centum in 2007. Whereas the mean difference in wage is 15 per centum in the European Union ( Spiegel Online International, 2008 ) .5. Reasons for the Gender Wage Gap in GermanySeveral grounds contribute to the big gender pay spread in Germany. First of wholly, as mentioned by Lauer ( n.d. ) , adult females frequently do non possess the same instruction and accomplishments as work forces do. Employers who place value on these exact accomplishments are likely to pay adult females less in order to counterbalance the deficiency of accomplishments and cognition. Furthermore, Lauer ( n.d. ) besides mentioned that accomplishments and cognition may be rewarded otherwise between work forces and adult females. Meaning that adult females with the same educational background and cognition will gain less because these indistinguishable accomplishments are non rewarded the same manner by the employer. In add-on, Maier ( 2007 ) identified the deficiency of legal barriers against low rewards as a ground for the gender wage differences in Germany. As there exists no general lower limit pay in Germany, and as the state has about three million unemployed individuals ( Bundesagentur f & A ; uuml ; R Arbeit, 2008 ) , it is easy for employers to make full a low-paid vacancy. Furthermore, Lauer ( n.d. ) identified occupational crowding of adult females in low paid businesss as another beginning for gaining inequalities between work forces and adult females in Germany. There is besides the fact that there is a low proportion of working adult females in extremely paid places ( Maier, 2007 ) . Concluding, Maier ( 2007 ) stated that factors like age, instruction and work experience present merely a really unimportant ground for pay favoritism. Again, the unexplained portion of the gender pay spread can be attributed to favoritism based on gender ( Lauer, n.d. ) .6. Similarities and Differences between Japan and GermanyAfter analysing the gender pay spread in Japan and Germany and its grounds, several similarities every bit good as differences can be pointed out. First of wholly, there is a important high gender pay spread in both states, although the difference in net incomes is higher in Japan with about 35 per centum compared to Germany with approximately 22 per centum ( Maier, 2007 ) . However, the German net incomes spread is 7 per centum higher than the European Union norm ( Spiegel Online International, 2008 ) . Both states put accent on the features of employees. Age, work experience and instruction are of import when negociating rewards. As adult females frequently have less instruction or work experience than work forces ( Lauer, n.d. ) , they get paid less than their male opposite number. Furthermore, portion of the gender pay spread in both states is an unexplained portion which can be attributed to gender favoritism ( Kawaguchi, 2006 ; Lauer, n.d. ) . Differences between the two states can be found in the fact that Nipponese employers discriminate when puting in human capital. Due to the Nipponese lifetime employment, many employers consider instead carefully whether to use adult females or non. As it is obvious to them that adult females will go forth the company some twenty-four hours for child-raising responsibilities, they will thereby take away the human capital in which the company invested.7. DecisionEven if both states enacted Torahs in the 80ies which should guarantee equal wage for work of equal value, there is still a important gender pay spread discernible. Japan every bit good as Germany managed during the last to decennaries to contract this spread, but this happened likely merely because of the new Torahs which were enforced. When looking in front, both states will likely hold a different hereafter. Japan will lodge to its lifetime employment system ( Kato, 2001 ) and thereby will maintain the net incomes spread bet ween work forces and adult females stable. The fact that more and more Nipponese adult females decide to prosecute their callings can perchance assist in contracting the gender wage spread ( Fackler, 2007 ) . Germany is likely to increase the gender wage spread as the coverage of corporate understandings, which set equal rewards for work forces and adult females, is worsening ( Maier, 2007 ) . Furthermore, every bit long as there is no support from the authorities to implement the right for equal money for work of equal value, the gender pay spread will non be narrowed.8. Bibliography,Blau, F. and Kahn, L. ( 2003 ) . ‘Understanding international differences in the gender wage spread ‘ . Journal of Labor Economics. Vol. 21, pp. 106-144. Brinton, M. ( 1993 ) . Womans and the economic miracle: gender and work in post-war Japan. Berkeley: Calif. Bundesagentur degree Fahrenheit & A ; uuml ; R Arbeit ( 2008 ) . ‘Der Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt in Deutschland ‘ ( The work and instruction market in Germany ) [ on-line ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pub. arbeitsamt.de/hst/services/statistik/000000/html/start/monat/ aktuell.pdf [ Accessed 6 January 2009 ] . Evans, J. ( 2002 ) . ‘work/family rapprochement, gender pay equity and occupational segregation: the function of rims and public policy ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //economics.ca/cgi/jab? journal= cpp & A ; view=v28s1/CPPv28s1p187.pdf [ Accessed 16 December 2008 ] . Fackler, M. ( 2007 ) . ‘Career adult females in Japan find a out of use way ‘ . The New York Times, [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes.com/2007/08/06/world/asia/06equal.html [ Accessed 6 January 2009 ] . Grad & A ; iacute ; n, C. , del R & A ; iacute ; o, C. and Cant & A ; oacute ; , O. ( 2006 ) . ‘Poverty and adult females ‘s labo ur market activity: the function of gender pay favoritism in the EU ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ecineq.org/milano/ WP/ECINEQ2006-40.pdf [ Accessed 6 January 2009 ] . Ishii, H. ( 2000 ) . ‘Occupational segregation and the gender pay spread in Japan ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kli.re.kr/ iira2004/pro/papers/HisakoISHII.pdf [ Accessed 05 January 2009 ] . Nipponese Institute for Labour Policy and Training ( 2008 ) . ‘Wages and labor costs ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jil.go. jp/english/estatis/databook/2008/05.htm [ Accessed 05 January 2009 ] . Johnes, G. and Tanaka, Y. ( 2006 ) . ‘Changes in gender pay favoritism in the ninetiess: a narrative of three different economic systems ‘ . Japan and the World Economy. Vol. 20, pp. 97-113. Kato, T. ( 2001 ) . ‘The t erminal of lifetime employment in Japan? : grounds from national studies and field research ‘ . Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. Vol. 15, pp. 489-514. Kawaguchi, D. ( 2006 ) . ‘A market trial for sex favoritism: grounds from Nipponese firm-level panel informations ‘ . International Journal of Industrial Organization. Vol. 25, pp. 441-460. Lauer, C. ( n.d. ) . ‘Gender pay spread in West Germany: how far do gender differences in human capital affair? ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=217651 [ Accessed 6 January 2009 ] . Maier, F. ( 2007 ) . ‘The continuity of the gender pay spread in Germany ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.harriet-taylor-mill.de/pdfs/discuss/Discussion % 20Paper % 2001 % 202007.pdf [ Accessed 29 December 2008 ] . Miyoshi, K. ( 2007 ) . ‘Male-female pay derived functions in Japan ‘ . Japan and the World Economy. Vol. 20, pp. 479-496. OECD ( 2007 ) . ‘Highlights Japan ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oecd.org/dataoecd/20/20/39696303.pdf [ Accessed 29 December 2008 ] . Plass, S. ( 2008 ) . ‘German adult females struggle with gender pay spread ‘ . International Herald Tribune, [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: // www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/28/business/women.php? page=1 [ Accessed 31 December 2008 ] . Sama, L. and Papamarcos, S. ( 2000 ) . ‘Culture ‘s effects for working adult females in corporate America and Japan, Ind. ‘ . Cross Cultural Management – An International Journal. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 18-29. Selmer, J. ( 2001 ) . ‘Human resource direction in Japan ‘ . International Journal of Manpower. Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 235-243. Spiegel Online International ( 2008 ) . ‘German adult females earn a fifth less than work forces ‘ . Spiegel Online International, [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518, 558526,00.html [ Accessed 31 December 2008 ] . Threlfall, M. ( 1996 ) . Maping the adult females ‘s motion. London: Verso. Winter, R. ( 1998 ) . Gleiches Entgelt degree Fahrenheit & A ; uuml ; r gleichwertige Arbeit: Ein Prinzip ohne Praxis ( Equal wage for work of equal value: a rule without practice. ) . Baden-Baden. World Economic Forum ( 2005 ) . ‘Women ‘s authorization: mensurating the planetary gender spread ‘ [ online ] . Available at: Uniform resource locator: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/gender_gap.pdf [ Accessed 30 December 2008 ] .

Health and Safety of Using a Computer

You need to use the internet to search for the following information. Use the table below to store your answers along with the web address of websites where you found the information. You should use more than one website to check your answers Why is posture important when using a computer? Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| Your ‘computer posture' can have a huge impact on your health. If it's poor, and you slouch for 7 hours a day in front of your PC, your body will suffer in the long-term. | http://www. fitness-programs-for-life. om/computer-posture. html| Why should you take regular breaks or change of activity when using a computer? Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| Eye muscles that shift focus between your source document and a screen for a long period of time can tire. | http://www. staffs. ac. uk/images/user042_tcm68-12657. pdf| Find an image to show how you should correctly sit when you are using a computer? Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| | http://www. google. co. uk/imgres? imgurl=https://www. ourloungelearning. co. uk/materials/popups/new_screenshots/hse1. gif;imgrefurl=https://www. yourloungelearning. co. uk/materials/popups/health_safety. php;usg=__IFMYnONBLFJMUTBDRGIS4N0Y5NU=;h=328;w=425;sz=27;hl=en;start=3;zoom=1;tbnid=3kv5FZAK84FF1M:;tbnh=97;tbnw=126;ei=JhUxT_mxGIqK0AXjwtC0Bw;prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhow%2Bshould%2Byou%2Bsit%2Bat%2Ba%2Bcomputer%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom. microsoft:en-gb%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D852%26sout%3D1%26tbm%3Disch;um=1;itbs=1|Why should computer screens and chairs be adjustable? Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| Adjust your keyboard and screen to get a good keying and viewing position. A space in front of the keyboard is sometimes helpful for resting the hands and wrists while not keying. Adjust seat height to ensure hands are perpendicular to keyboard (height adjustme nt is usually achieved by a handle to the left underside of the chair). | http://www3. imperial. ac. uk/occhealth/guidanceandadvice/computerhealth/compute healthgeneralguidance| Find out at least two health problems that might be related to computer use? Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| 1. Eye Disease 2. Computer Stress Injuries 3. Hurting Hands| http://heheli. com/business/top-4-health-problems-caused-by-computer-use/| Find an image to show overloading sockets and find out why you should not overload sockets Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| | http://images. google. co. uk/imgres? imgurl=http://www. ambethliving. org. uk/images/overloaded%2520socket_m. gif;imgrefurl=http://www. lambethliving. org. uk/Default. aspx%3Fpage%3D516;usg=__PGOPSK2MwkKZwGesrJ2Em_8vjEo=;h=183;w=150;sz=13;hl=en;start=17;zoom=1;tbnid=XTRUfXeqS4U0ZM:;tbnh=102;tbnw=84;ei=IhcxT_7NEM2GhQfr9sz-BA;prev=/search%3Fq%3Doverloading%2Bsockets%26hl%3Den%26s afe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D852%26gbv%3D2%26sout%3D1%26tbm%3Disch;itbs=1| Why should you not have trailing cables around a computer room?Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| A large number of accidents around the work place, are cause by tripping over trailing wires. | http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Why_shouldn't_you_have_trailing_wires_near_a_computer#ixzz1lhKk6ABs| Find out what is meant by ergonomic furniture Information found (copy and paste from the website)| Web address| What does ergonomics mean? | ‘Ergonomics' is the science of designing environments and products to match the individuals who use them.The word ‘ergonomics' comes from the Greek ‘ergon' meaning ‘work' and ‘nomos' meaning ‘law'. â€Å"Fitting the worker to the job not the job to the worker. † * Fitting the job to the worker through task design and procedures * Fitting the worker to the job through the use of proper placement procedures an d training. It should be noted â€Å"What works for one worker may not work for another, so it's important to emphasize individual solutions. † Your basic knowledge of ergonomics is a prevention of physical damage or injuries that may occur.

Engineering Notebook – How to Keep One

That means, Write EVERYTHING Down, even include a dentist appointment; that's what helps make it a believable Legal Document and suitable for assessment purposes (and believe it or not patent applications too! ). So, keep the notebook up to date and have it Witnessed often by those whom you, report to and understand your work. Also, it can jog the old memory and reduce the number of times you do the same tests. â€Å"†¦ mmmm I’m sure I’ve already done that?†¦ † Of course, It won't Hurt when Final Reports are Due either! Here's How: ) Use a Bound (stitched binding) notebook. DO NOT use a loose leaf or Spiral bound notebook! 2) Entries Should be in Permanent Ink–Not Pencil. 3) The Title, unit Number, date and Book Number (should you need more than one! ) should be accurately recorded when starting a New Page. 4) All data is to be recorded directly into the notebook. The inclusion of all elaborate details is preferable. Notes and calculations should be done in the notebook, NOT on loose paper. In the case of an error, draw a single line through the incorrect data. Do Not Erase or use correction fluid. All corrections should be initialled and dated. 5) In the case where you have used CAD or computer simulation to provide evidence then this should be stored in a folder BUT referred to and cross referenced (using consistent format of date / time / names etc. ) in your notebook 6) After entering your data / design ideas / calculations etc. , sign and date all entries. Witness or witnesses should sign and date each entry too. The witness must observe the work that is done, and have sufficient knowledge to understand what they read. Names of those present during any demonstration should also be recorded. 7) Use Both sides of a Page and Never leave any White Space: â€Å"X† out or Crosshatch all unused space, and don't forget to initial & date the crossing out!. 8) All contents of the notebook / folder should be kept secure & safe. It should be kept in a SAFE place to safeguard against Loss. [The website shown below is full of ideas about design, electronics and tips – but done in an easy to read anecdotal and often humorous way]

Procedural criminal laws of Hungary Research Paper

Procedural criminal laws of Hungary - Research Paper Example ather, the victory of the law is in getting people aware of the punishments prescribed in the law and getting people to wage away from the law (Graves et al, 2002). It is in this end that there are various mechanisms in place in the provisions of the law in ensuring that the rights of people are not unfairly abused. In Hungary, the Criminal Procedure Law is one of such provisions that ensure that all people who are accused in one way or the other are given fair representation before the law for them to be taken through the whole execution of the definition of the law. A criminal procedure law may be defined in the context of Hungary as a sovereign country as â€Å"safeguards against the indiscriminate application of criminal laws and the wanton treatment of suspected criminals† (Farlex, 2012). Subsequently, the criminal procedure law may be seen as a series of provisions that clearly defines the processes that an accused person should be taken through so as to ensure that he or she is not wrongly charged. To this end, the criminal procedure law makes justice available to all populace of Hungary as a State. Hungary as a nation has seen different stages of its criminal procedure law. The first of such criminal procedure law was the Criminal Procedure Act XXXIII of 1886; which was followed by the first socialist Criminal Procedure Act III of 1951; before two consecutive acts came into existence during the periods of socialism, which were the Law Decree 8 of 1962, and the one which is presently in force Act I of 1973 (Herke, 2004). All these c hanges have come about in a bid to making the adjudication of justice to the citizenry better and improved. Generally, the criminal law of Hungary seeks to explain and define what a crime is. It also seeks to define the appropriate sanctions that should go with various acts of crime. But as indicated earlier, the mere fact that the law mentions an act to be criminal does not mean that once a person is found indulging in the act,

Family Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Law - Essay Example n his judgment, Lord Nicholls was of the view that: â€Å"Often than not, tribunals and courts in interpreting the requirement threshold outline under section 31 0f the Act have constantly have to decide whether or not an alleged event actually took place. In his wise decision, Lord Nicholls further observed that as a general rule where there is a possibility that a past event might have taken place then that is proof enough to the requisite standard or threshold and the law regards such an incident as definitely having taken place† 2 The legal implication of such a decision by the court is that the determination should be made following the statutory, legal policy or otherwise. Consequently, determination of such an issue is susceptible to change since it is the judiciary and not the legislature that sets the policy and it is still in the hands of the court to reconsider the viability solution for the problem. In the case of Lancashire County Council and Another v. Barlow and Another and One Other Action Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead stated that the court is empowered under section 31(1) of the 1989 Children Act to make an order putting the child under the local authority supervision or placing him or her under the care of local authority, or even under the care of a probate officer. Nevertheless, certain minimum conditions must be met before the court making such an order this conditions are usually referred to as threshold conditions. These threshold conditions are outlined under section 31(2) the 1989 Children Act which reads: A care order or a supervision order may be made by a court if it satisfied ­_ a); that the child in question is suffering, or is likely to suffer, substantial harm; and b). that the harm, or possibility of harm, is actually attributable to the... Courts have held that they are empowered under section 31(1) of the 1989 Children Act to make an order putting the child under the local authority supervision or placing him or her under the care of local authority, or even under the care of a probate officer. Nevertheless, certain minimum conditions must be met before the court making such an order this conditions are usually referred to as threshold conditions. These conditions include: that the child in question is suffering, or is likely to suffer, substantial harm; and that the harm, or possibility of harm, is actually attributable to the care accorded to the child, or the care likely to be given to the child in the event the order was not made, and the care not being what it would be rational to suppose a parent to give the child; or where the child is beyond control of the parent . The court further noted that in the interpretation of section 31 of the Children Act of 1989, particular attention should be paid under section 1(3 ) of the Act which sets out the Childs' welfare checklist. The welfare checklist under the foregoing section includes consideration of any harm that the child is at risk of suffering or any harm that the child concerned has suffered and the capability of each of the child's parent to satisfy the needs of the child. Accordingly, the connection between the casual likelihood need not be that direct, sole, or dominant cause and effect and that a causal connection that is contributory meet the requirements.

Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Essay

Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Term Memory - Essay Example Before this is attained the logographic stage represents a group of arbitrary symbols without any meaning. When the alphabetic stage is attained (phonological recoding), transparent languages, as Italian, Greek and Spanish where a 'd' sounds like a 'd', the assembled pathway or assemble phonology is opened. It is not 100% infallible. The inconsistencies in the phonological recoding will mean that reading development will not be at the same rapidity for each language. A European study was completed of 14 European languages. It was found that "more transparent the language, the quicker students acquired logographic to phonemes (Ziegler, 2010). There were two other studies completed to confirm the findings. The socio-cultural behavioural differences were limited by taking similar cities which taught bilingual cultures. These two studies having taken into account the socio-cultural difference confirmed the findings of the European study. One study was done in Montreal where English and F rench are taught and in Whales where parents have a choice of sending their children to a Welsh or English speaking school. There is a relationship between those children, who have an understanding of a phoneme, rhyme or syllable, and those children who have better reading skills (Natasza 2010) "While early phonological awareness deficits do not have a strong influence on children's later reading development, deficits in sequential naming speed measure do. The deficits will require use of different lexicons to have a high level of spelling accuracy." (Landerl, Wimmer , 2008) In transparent languages, acquisition of the alphabetic stage comes more easily. (Ziegler 2010) A conclusive example are the two Japanese written... This paper stresses that it has been shown that spelling transparency is determined by the accessibility of the grapheme to phoneme association and its link to creating words. It has been demonstrated that there are different degrees of transparencies from Italian to Kanji where a "d" is a "d" and where a language stay completely in the logographic stage. The more transparent a language is the more access a reader has to an addressed process and to fewer lexicons thus easier comprehension to visual recognition. If a language is opaque and has a complex morphological system, the channeling processes requires the development of address processes and at least two lexicons. Visual Recognition takes longer. This report makes a conclusion that the phonological short term memory has been treated separately because of the importance of phonetic awareness and the effect on dyslexic children. The different mapping and lexicons have been shown to be an integral part of spelling transparency thus one can conclude that Spelling transparency effects word recognition. One can conclude that Spelling transparency has an effect on phonological short term memory for non cognitive impaired subjects. In assembled phonology, priming is stronger with pseudohomophones. and other lexicons must be used in addition to the phonological lexicon in order for words to be more easily recognized in transparent languages by their phonological components. French is a transparent language but there are many homophones.

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Paraphrasing - Essay Example Tocqueville stipulated that democracy plays a crucial role with respect to influencing opinion of the members of the public, serving as the foundation of the country’s economy, and in helping people to realize their freedom and authority (Nolla 36). The spirit of patriotism is the one that drives American citizens. They are also self-governing and the will of the people is the one that determines how the nation will be ruled. Tocqueville refers to this as â€Å"majority omnipotence,† which means that the mainstream society is the one that rules the nation while the minority get oppressed. To demonstrate this, Tocqueville offers an example of the American Indians and the blacks who were subjected to suffering for centuries in their own country (Nolla 37). Though Tocqueville significantly approves the amount of freedom that is present in the US, he reveals elements of pessimism when he points out the concept of the â€Å"art of being free.† Here, he stipulates that freedom in America is in a constant process of transformation; whereby as one form becomes non-existent another one emerges. Since this transformation process cannot be avoided, people are encouraged to stand ready and fight for their independence. Conversely, Tocqueville demonstrates significant attentiveness to the US since it serves as the foundation for democracy, which cannot flourish for long in the face of individual manifestation (Nolla

Canopic Jar with a Lead in the Form of a Baboons Head Article - 1

Canopic Jar with a Lead in the Form of a Baboons Head - Article Example The Baboon at the top of the canopic jar is linked with Nephthys who was a goddess that guided and protected Isis, her sister to bring together the different parts of Osiris’s body after he was killed and thrown into the Nile. A vital component of the mummy was a mask that resembled a headdress that was positioned over the crown of the frame that wrapped in linen. The mask had characteristically young-looking physical characteristics that were not supposed to demonstrate similarity to the departed but exhibit a perfect appearance of their presence in the life after death. This particular example possesses many typical features that are characteristic of these masks and it was made using cartonnage that is a material which is light in weight which is formed by coating layers of linen with plaster. The deific position of the person wearing it is symbolized by the skin which is gold-plated and the extension was used as a symbolism of the deific position of the person wearing it. The mask has a decorated collar with a gold-plated and winged scarab beetle on the head that was believed to promote the rebirth of the departed. The mask is believed to have been created between 332 and 30 BC and apart from linen and plaster that was used to make the mask, papyrus, pigment, and gold were also used. The dimensions of the mask are fourteen inches by ten and a half inches and the iconography of this mask is characteristically pharaonic where the wings and the sun disc that symbolize the scarab beetle that is linked to the rising and setting of the sun and therefore rebirth (Budge 185).

The Bridge On The River Kwai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Bridge On The River Kwai - Essay Example The dependent groups of Colonel Saito and Colonel Nicholson are the soldiers and the prisoners of the camp. There are also personal roles which are played with Colonel Saito. Each individual that is a part of the orders of Colonel Saito take place under the legitimate power style. Those who are under Colonel Nicholson are under the use of referent power. Each individual falls under Colonel Saito, despite what their power is, has to follow specific orders, directions and expectations. This is based on Saito regulating and controlling everything in his power. This is opposed to Colonel Nicholson, who tries to use the institutions and the regulations that are a part of the camp as his basis for power. His identity is based on him moving in with the different soldiers and going through the same suffering, specifically to serve the army and to continue to follow the desired regulations. The influence tactics that Colonel Saito uses with others that are considered as his peers are based on using the institution regulations and orders that are associated with the camp and the army. Acting on these regulations and representing the institution, rather than himself, allows the specific tactics to be used.

Biomedical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biomedical Ethics - Essay Example According to Starson, taking the medication would disrupt him from pursuing his research; being a gifted theoretical physicist, he believed that this research was the only reason he felt his life carried a meaning. In this sense, being unable to carry on with it would simply render his life â€Å"useless† and â€Å"meaningless.† However, the physician felt that Starson's refusal was informed by his inability to appreciate the value of treatment. Consequently, the physicians petitioned to have Starson's treatment decision transferred to a surrogate. Though the petition was granted, Starson would later appeal, and the petition was reversed at the Supreme Court of Canada. The Supreme Court held that a patient, in this case Starson, was not required to make a decision that is in their â€Å"best interest† as determined by the physician, and thence they are permitted to disagree with a treatment recommendation. The Court also reasoned that Starson was a competent pati ent capable of making his own medical decisions. This case has both legal and ethical implications; firstly, this study delves into examining the ethicalness in a physician imposing treatment, and secondly, the study also looks at physicians’ position in determining a patient’s â€Å"best interest†: whether they are entitled to make this decision on behalf of the patient and how far can they go with this. The study will also look at the concept of informed consent and the idea of competence. Argument 1 The above case represents a conflict of these two rather ethical considerations. On the one hand, the physician feels compelled to do what he believes is in the best interest of the patient. On the other hand, the patient feels that it is his right to refuse medication based on his own grounds. Under these circumstances, how far is the physician expected to go with his persistence? Most legal cases, not only in Starson’s case, often uphold the position of t he patient. This is referred to as patient autonomy. The principle of patient autonomy states that competent patients have the opportunity to choose among medically indicated treatment and to refuse any unwanted treatment. Under these circumstances, the physician must respect the patient’s decision. It is necessary to understand that treatment decisions are not only based on objective medical considerations but also involve a considerable level of personal value judgments and preferences (Meier, Isaacs, and Hughes 95). Therefore, to some extent, the physician may compel a patient to take a certain medication not only because it is the right and objective medical step but also because he feels, based on his values and preferences, it is the right thing. For the latter, he is imposing his personal feelings, not professional mandate, to the patient. In these cases, a physician may be ethically driven to compel a patient to take medication because he feels it is the right thing t o do. However, it is essential to note that a physician demonstrates respect for human dignity, a biomedical ethical consideration, when he acknowledges the freedom and right of the patient to make choices based on their own beliefs and values (Kluge 7). Perhaps another consideration arising from Starson’s case is the idea of sound medical treatment. Starson, for some reason, felt that the medication offered was disruptive and would interfere with his ability to complete his physics research. Indeed, physicians are ethically forbidden to

3 idiots Reaction Paper Essay Example for Free

3 idiots Reaction Paper Essay Phunsuk Wangdu. This was a main character played by Aamir Khan in the movie 3 idiots, a famous Indian movie directed by Rajkumar Hirani. The story was basically about three engineering students who faced everyday life challenges together for their whole stay in college. They stayed in one room causing them to treat each other like a real family. Unfortunately, their institution was ruled by a heartless genius man who always believed in the thought that life is a race, one must compete to survive and also, he never cared about his students dying out of pressure through committing suicide. This ruler was a total perfectionist and had very high standards on everything, he wants everything to be under his control. While everyone was terrified following his authority, Phunsuk Wangdu dared to be different, well, he stayed as who he really was. His perspective in life was completely different from that of their institutions director. He was a very simple student and a total definite genius who applied the things he studied in the real world. And as the years went by, he showed that undeniably impossible things could possibly happen. His character had enlightened me so much and watching the whole movie for more than 2 hours gave me goosebumps. Putting your whole trust in God, sharing,helping and inspiring others, doing your best at all times and bringing positivity to everything things we need to survive and enjoy life. He once said that putting your trust to God wont be the solution to your problem but it will give you enough courage to face it. These are very simple lessons to keep in mind yet the most important ones to keep our life meaningful. Now i want myself to be like him in my own simple ways and prove people that happiness is the key to success. To sum it up, well have everything we need and want if we have God. And as he commonly said, ALL IS WELL.

Moral Teachings of the Catholic Church Essay Example for Free

Moral Teachings of the Catholic Church Essay Introduction: Catholics believes that acting morally means acting in accordance with the eternal laws of God, which are written into the human hearts so deeply that even those who know nothing of God can follow the path of morality. According to Cynthia Stewart, Nature law, as this interior marking is called, comes to humans through their capacity to reason, which sparks the conscience to respond to the eternal law. This means that people of other religions or the non religious all have the capacity to act as morally as catholic Christians, it is believes that they will struggle more since they will not have the benefit of the sacraments that opens them to grace to resist sin. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) regarded sin as a word, deed or desire contrary to the eternal law. The church classified sin into two parts, they are: mortal and venial sin. Catholic moral theology divides sin into two parts, primarily on the basis of degree and effect: What is mortal sin? According to http://www.catholicdoors.com/faq/qu06.htm :  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mortal sin is a radical possibility of human freedom, as is love itself. It results in the loss of charity and the private of sanctifying grace, that is, of the state of grace. If it is not redeemed by repentance of Gods forgiveness, it causes exclusion to make choices for ever, with no turning back. However, although we can judge that an act is in itself a serious offense, we must entrust judgment of persons to the justice and mercy of God.† For a sin to be mortal, three conditions must be met: Mortal sin is a sin whose object is a serious matter and which is also committed with full intension awareness and deliberate consent. A serious matter is specified by the Ten Commandments Corresponding to the answer to the rich young man: ⠝â€" Do not kill ⠝â€" Do not commit adultery ⠝â€" Do not steal ⠝â€" Do not bear false witness ⠝â€" Do not defraud ⠝â€" Honor your father and your mother What is venial sin? According to chrome://newtabhttp//christianityinview.com/catholic/morals.html: Venial (Pardonable) sin Positively, this sin does not directly destroy the relationship with God. Rather, it weakens that relationship. Unremitted venial sins can affect the duration spent in Purgatory. Therefore the church encourages confession of these types of sins as well without being strictly necessary. Confession of everyday faults (venial sins) is nevertheless strongly recommended by the church. Example of venial sin is, selfishness, jealously and anger. Venial sin involves the disobedience of the law of God in slight (venial) matters. If we gossip and destroy a persons reputation it would be a mortal sin. However, normally gossip is about trivial matters and only venially sinful. Additionally, something that is otherwise a mortal sin (e.g. slander) may be in a particular case only a venial sin. The person may have acted without reflection or under force of habit. Thus, not fully intending the action their guilt before God is reduced. It is always good to remember, especially those who are trying to be faithful but sometimes fall, that for mortal sin it must not only be, 1) Serious matter, but 2) The person must know it is serious and then 3) Freely commit it as was said previously. These two categories of sin are explicitly to be found in Sacred Scripture. In the Old Covenant there were sins that merited the death penalty and sins that could be expiated by an offering. This Law was a teacher that prepared the way for the faith (Gal. 3:24). In the New Covenant these material  categories are replaced by spiritual ones, natural death by eternal death. There are thus daily faults for which we must daily ask forgiveness (Mt. 6:12), for even the just man falls seven times a day (Prov. 24:16), and mortal faults that separate the sinner from God (1 Cor. 6:9-10) for all eternity. Indulgence The punishment of sin is also divided into two parts by catholic theology; they are, eternal and temporal. Normally, the eternal punishment for sin can be remitted through the Sacrament of Reconciliation. However, the church maintains that there is still a temporal punishment to be borne, as all sin is an affront to God. This then leads to the idea of Purgatory as a place where unremitted sin can be removed in the afterlife. Temporal punishment can be reduced or removed/ forgiven due to the concept of merit. Merit Doing more then is required by God can earn an individual merit. The most important merit is Christ himself, this is adequate enough to eliminate temporal penalty for all sin. The Merits of Christ and the saints form a treasury of merit. The Catholic Church maintains that it has the authority to dispense merit because of Christ’s promise to peter in Matthew 16:19. Therefore an Indulgence is simply a way of using this extra merit to reduce or remove the temporal penalty of sin. Indulgences may only be given to those who have no unconfessed mortal sins. According to whether the temporal penalty of sin is partially or fully removed, the Indulgence is called Partial or Plenary respectively. Abortion: Abortion is referred to as any death of a baby in the womb and its expulsion form the mother’s body according to today’s issues and Christian beliefs. Since the first century the church has affirmed the moral evil of every procured abortion. This teaching has not change and remains unchangeable.  Direct abortion, that is to say, abortion willed either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary to the mortal law. It is important to distinguish between direct and indirect abortion: Indirect abortion occurs when treatment given to save the life of the Mother has the secondary effect of causing an abortion. In certain cases, this is considered permissible. The seriousness of the matter is highlighted by the fact that those who participate in or carry out direct abortions face the penalty of automatic excommunication from the church. The catholic theology teachings that human life begins from the moment of conception and as our entire human the unborn child should be see as a child of God as should therefore be protected. Hence the deliberate abortion of a child is a serious in all circumstances for it the killing of an innocent individual. The views of the religious leader of the Catholic Church have always been against as is proven by the following statements. â€Å"Human life is sacred; all men must recognize that fact† Pope Paul VI (Humanae Vitae) â€Å"Life must be protected with the utmost care from the moment of the conception: abortion and infanticide are abominable crimes† (Vatican II, Gaudium et Spes 51) The bible also gives perspectives on abortion in the following verses: Genesis 1:27 â€Å"God created human beings in his own imagine in the image of God he created them, male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them â€Å"be fruitful and increase†. Luke 12:6 â€Å"Jesus said, â€Å"isn’t five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one sparrow is forgotten by God. Even the hairs of your head have all been counted. â€Å" Isaiah 49:15-16 â€Å"so the lord answers, ‘can a woman forget her own baby and not love the child she bore? Even if a mother should forget her child, I will never forget you! I have written your name in the palms of my hand. Contraceptives Contraception is â€Å"any actions which, either in anticipation of the conjugal act or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render procreation impossible† according to Humanae vitae 14. This includes sterilization, condoms and other barrier methods, spermicidal, coitus interruptus (withdrawal method), the pill, and all other such methods. The Catholic Church has strongly condemned all artificial methods of Contraceptives. Infact the church regards contraception as mortally sinful. The official position is stated in the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae , issued by Pope Paul VI in 1968. Though the Catholic Church rejects contraception, it does encourage a responsible attitude amongst couples in their spacing of births. It permits what is known as Natural family planning (NFP), which is a method whereby intercourse is avoided on those days when a woman is at the most fertile phase of her menstrual cycle. NFP can be taught by a specialist practitioner and success rates of well over 90% are claimed when the method is correctly followed. The bibles perspective on contraceptive: Genesis 38:8-10 â€Å" then Judah said Er’s brother Onan , â€Å"go and sleep with your brother’s widow, fulfill your obligations to her as her husbands brother, so that your brother may have descendants. But knew the children would not belong to him. So he had intercourse with her, he left his semen spill on the ground so there would be not descendants of his brother, what he did displeased the lord and he killed him also. Homosexuality Homosexuality refers to elations between men or between woman who experience an exclusive or predominant sexual attraction toward persons of the same sex according to chrome://newtabhttp//www.catholic.com/tracts/homosexuality. The Catholic view is that all Homosexual acts are morally and intrinsically wrong and thus the church requires people with Homosexual leanings to remain celibate. It also encourages proper respect as human beings for all Homosexual people, being opposed to any form of discrimination and persecution of Homosexuals. The church distinguishes between Homosexual acts and Homosexual leanings the latter may not be necessarily sinful. In 1986, the church issued its Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons, explaining this distinction: Although the particular inclination of the homosexual person is not a sin, it is a more or less strong tendency ordered toward an intrinsic moral evil; thus the inclination itself must be seen as an objective disorder. In 2005, the church issued its Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and t o Holy Orders. The policy states that those men with deeply rooted homosexual tendencies cannot be ordained under any circumstances. The rejection of homosexual behavior that is found in the Old Testament is well known. In Genesis19, two angels in disguise visit the city of Sodom and are offered hospitality and shelter by lot. During the night, the men of Sodom demand that lot hand over his guests for homosexual intercourse. Lot refuses, and the angels blind the men of Sodom. Lot and his household escape and the town is destroyed by fire â€Å"because the outcry against its people has become great before the lord.† (Genesis 19:13). The incident is not the only time the Old Testament deals with homosexuality. An explicit condemnation is found in the book of Leviticus: â€Å"you shall not lie with a male as with a  woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them† ( Lev. 18:22:20:13) Summary: To act morally is to follow God’s eternal law which is written deeply in the hearts of every human being despite race or religion. Even thought the ability to act morally is in us as human being we often fall victims to sin. Sin refers to an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law, the church divides sin into two categories, Mortal sin, which is an unpardonable sin entailing a total loss of grace. Examples of mortal sin are: adultery, abortion, murder. Venial sin the other types of sin are referred to as a relatively slight sin that does not entail damnation of soul. Example of venial sin is: selfishness, anger, jealousy. Issues that impact us today are: ⠝â€" Abortion which is refers to as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy or a miscarriage. The Catholic Church has consistently condemned the act of abortion. Catholics views human life as sacred and maintains that it should be protected by every means necessary as was stated by Pope Paul VI (Humanae Vitae). Biblical prove can also be found in Psalm 127:3 â€Å"Truly children are a gift from the lord; the fruit of the womb is a reward.† ⠝â€" Contraceptive can be defined as the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse. The Catholic Church has strongly condemned all artificial methods of contraceptives as regards it as mortally sinful. Biblical proof to support this view can be found in Jeremiah 1:5 â€Å"I chose you before I gave you life, and before you were born I selected you to be a prophet to the nations.† ⠝â€" Homosexuality is the manifestation of sexual desire towards a member of one’s own sex. The Catholic Church encourages proper respect as human beings even homosexuals although Catholics view are that all homosexual acts are intrinsically and morally wrong and encourages people with homosexual feelings to remain celibate. The bible conforms this in Leviticus 18:22 â€Å"thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination† Catholic theology also divides punishment for sins such as  those listed above in to two parts; they are eternal punishment which is sins that can be remitted through the sacrament of reconciliation. And temporal punishment which refers to punishment that can be reduce, removed or forgiven due to the concept of merit. Merit is referred to as doing more then is required by God.

Analysis: Poem About My Rights, June Jordan

Analysis: Poem About My Rights, June Jordan Poem about My Rights This form of struggle and protest poetry, written by June Jordan (Poem about My Rights, 2015) truly captures and speaks for the voice of the oppressed and silent women in South Africa. When reading this poem, I was inspired and shaken by how powerful and moving it was, and how Jordan managed to get such a graphic and empowering message across through the reading of her poem. Her use of diction greatly emphasizes the harsh circumstances faced by woman, as well as Jordan’s anger towards the little political action and support against such abuse and neglect. The poem vulgarly refers to sexual violence experienced by woman and how they are victimized, harassed and abused by men who are physically and ‘socially’ stronger. Jordan speaks about rape, and how excuses are provided to the law, by the offender, which makes the rape seem okay and reasonable. This results in no justice taking place and the victim being left alone, feeling unsafe, with bursting anger and frustration – making them feel even more unwanted and like an outcast. This reveals the poor justice system; corrupt police work and fraudulent government systems – an entirely different theme in the poem. Clear evidence of racism is shown when Jordan says â€Å"We are the wrong people of the wrong skin on the wrong continent† (line 45 and 46). This expresses her view of how African Americans are made to feel like outcasts because of their skin colour and culture. Power, status, wealth and authority were determined by the colour of your skin, and many stereotypical views regarding racism are still present in the world. We can see through the line ‘I should have been lighter skinned’ (line 60) that being ‘white’ was the preferred skin colour, because it determined a family’s wealth and social status. The ‘wrong continent’ (line 46) in my view is referring to refugees that have moved and travelled across the world seeking job opportunities, better living conditions and housing because of the minimal resources and opportunities available in their own country because of their race. However this could make them seem like outcasts in the c ountry that they are not locally from, despite having as much of a right to belong there as another. Perhaps Jordan is looking at herself from a local Europeans perspective when she says â€Å"wrong people of the wrong skin on the wrong continent† (line 45 and 46) – as if to say these judgments and thoughts are going through their heads when they see a foreigner on their land. This clearly adds to the judgment and dis-belonging felt by Native Americans when moving countries, and how they themselves could start to see themselves this way and begin to blame themselves, causing self hate and pain. This occurs during the poem when Jordan blames herself for all the wrongs things that she is, and how she is a disappointment to her family and society. She speaks about how her parents are both disappointed with her and the way she is (line 58-67). However the poem does have an optimistic and unexpected ending when Jordan says that she will now defend herself, leaving the listeners/readers with a hopeful and encouraging ending. An important theme in this poem is gender inequality. In the past and still today, men are dominant to woman in many aspects including financial capability, decision-making, household-roles and various occupations. Men are generally earning more than women, and in many families and traditions, women stay at home for family duties, while men are the breadwinners. In the line ‘I should have been a boy because he wanted one/a boy’ (line 59) reveals two important aspects. One referring to ‘he’ – signifying the father of the child who is now a girl. Secondly referring to the stereotype and generalization which states that giving birth to a boy often promises the family more wealth and financial security in comparison to having a girl, and therefore boys were preferred and wanted. Stereotypically speaking, men have more authority and control in their families and generally make all the decisions regarding their child’s education and freedom – and we can see Jordan has personal experiences with this, through the harsh and cruel way she refers to it in her poem, and how there is no love, genuine care or concern that she expresses when referring to her parents. In the poem, the â€Å"wrong† elements and characteristics of June Jordan are constantly repeated. This is to emphasize the poet’s anger about her lack of acceptance that she feels not only by society but by her family. When listening to the poem we witness the harsh and judgmental comments and remarks made, for example â€Å"I am the history of the rejection of who I am† (line 78). Another example of where Jordan feels judged and unaccepted is when she says â€Å"it was my mother pleading plastic surgery for my nose and braces for my teeth† (line 6) a mother is supposed to be a woman who supports and loves their child for who they are, and not try to change them into what they aren’t. By Jordan using very visual and graphics words, it allows us to sympathize and even empathize for the way she has been treated and feels, making the audience connect with the poem on an even more personal and emotional level. From reading the entire poem several times and listening to Jordan’s reading of it, I get a sense of anger that Jordan expresses towards the people who â€Å"set things up like this† (line 21) – referring to the independence and self-restriction that Jordan feels. I believe that the people who set these things up would be society itself. Society set up racial prejudice, gender inequality, violence and abuse. Without the abuse of power of the people who have the control and the ability to make a true difference and positive change in this world, the world would be more controlled and at peace. Less crime, poverty, unemployment, violence and under-development would take place, resulting in a safer, happier place. When listening to the poem, I found that Jordan speaks clearly and uses pauses, creating a steady pace. Her tone in the beginning is not particularly aggressive or angry, however she does raise her voice to emphasize that she is upset and that the issues that she is talking about are personal. However as the poem progresses, so her voice becomes louder and more dominating, emphasizing particular words and phrases. This is particularly effective because the listeners now get a sense of how the poet feels about her own poem, adding a more personal and emotional touch. Her last few closing lines show her desperate cry out for independence and freedom. From my perspective I see it as Jordan’s determination to speak up for herself and finally take the will-power to stand up and defend herself against the negligence and abuse of others. I found this poem to be incredibly motivating and inspiring in terms of taking a stand against gender inequality and violence, and I believe Jordan should be remembered for her passion, bravery and courage for speaking out for the silenced and oppressed. Reference List: June Jordan Poem About My Rights, 13 November 2011 (video file). [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUSTxhYu7-4 [2015, April 20]. Poem about My Rights. 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/178526. [2015, April 20].

The Importance of Psychotherapy and Medication in the Treatment of Buli

The Importance of Psychotherapy and Medication in the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa This researched argument is on the disorder of bulimia nervosa. The reason behind my writing about the topic of bulimia is because my sister suffers from it and I want to know how to help her. I also would like to be able to share the information I obtained while doing my research. I want to argue the importance of having both psychotherapy and medication in the treatment for the people afflicted with this serious health disorder. Society needs to be altered by the media and educated about the disorders of bulimia and other disorders that are associated with eating problems. Hopefully my essay will inform you about the health dangers and complications caused by bulimia. I also want to readers of my essay to be able to gain a deep understanding for how bulimic individuals are victims and how they are suffering with this disorder. Maybe, if more people are informed about bulimia nervosa, then the number of people suffering from this ailment will lessen. In recent years, an awareness of the negative impact of the media icons on society is extremely apparent in today's youth. Countless numbers of individuals, the majority being women, try to obtain the "ideal" body images viewed everywhere. However, this idealized image is not a realistic one. The terms "Barbie doll syndrome", "yo-yo dieting", "bulimia", and "anorexia" are commonly talked about. Unfortunately, the words are the labels for some serious disorders that have dangerous affects and sometimes lead to the death of many individuals. People in today ¹s society have idea that bulimia, or any other eating disorder, will not affect them. These people are totally wrong to think in such a m... ...e body they want, but then after that moment they can not control their weight and keep on losing more weight. Pictures of half-dead, overly skinny people should be shown to society for everyone to be able to view first hand what the end product of bulimia looks like. That the goal of the bulimic is to be thin and attractive, but the reality is that they become ugly and sickly looking. Is this the life anyone really wants to live? Works Cited 1. Fairburn CG, Overcoming binge eating, New York: Guilford, 1995. 2. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, May 1995 v17 n4 p323(7). 3.the international journal of eating disorders, July 1997 v22 n1 p1(13). 4. Behavior Research and Therapy, March 1996 v34 n3 p197(16), Author G. Tarence Wilson. 5. Patient care, November 15, 1995 v29 n18 p101(3). 6. The Addiction Letter, May 1995 v 11 n5 p7(1).

Living and Dying by the Sword (or) The Autonomy and Responsibility of P

Living and Dying by the Sword (or) The Autonomy and Responsibility of Paranoia Introduction The question is a common one. "Does an individual have the right to yell, ‘Fire!’ in a crowded theater?" The implications are not as simple. If one answers, "no," then one is, in effect saying that the constitutional right to free speech is not entirely correct. If one answers, "yes," then one is saying that is perfectly O.K. to an individual to be delegated the power to create mass hysteria. However, there is another side to this question. If an individual is permitted to yell fire, as perhaps one would be in a Lockian state of nature, one is as likely to be trampled in the ensuing hysteria as everyone else is. This situation, while quaint and hypothetical, does have its counterparts in history. The question of how much power ought an individual be allowed has been one that has been addressed by governments throughout the ages. The result of this power being abused has also been addressed throughout history, but not by governments, by the fates of those individuals who have abused that power. One result of power being abused is the creation of a kind of hysteria in a society that revolves around that individual who has created it. That hysteria also has the potential to turn on its progenitor and crush him in the ensuing stampede. Historically, this is the case of Maximilien Robespierre and Joseph McCarthy. Both men, in their own rights, created a sort of social hysteria, a hysteria that for each resulted in a social stampede. These stampedes ended up crushing these men who created them in the chaos and confusion that ensued. The question of these two men faced ... ...s, The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy 6. Buckley, et al., McCarthy and His Enemies 7. Eagan, Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator 8. Buckley, et al., McCarthy and His Enemies 9. Feuerlicht, Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism, The Hate That Haunts America Bibliography - Belloc, Hilaire. Robespierre, A Study. G.P. Putnam and Sons. New York. 1927. - Buckley, William F. and Bozell, L. Brent. McCarthy and His Enemies: The Record and its Meaning. Henry Regnery Company. Chicago. 1954. - Eagan, James Michael. Maximilien Robespierre, Nationalist Dictator. AMS Press. New York. 1983. - Feuerlicht, Roberta Strauss. McCarthy and McCarthism, The Hate that Haunts America. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1972. - Reeves, Thomas C. The Life and Times of Joe McCarthy. Stein and Day Publishers. New York. 1982.

Virtual Reality Technology :: Internet Online Communication Essays

Virtual Reality Technology The World of Virtual Reality is getting closer and closer to Neal Stephenson’s idea of the Metaverse in Snow Crash. In Snow Crash, the Metaverse is a world very similar to the world that we know it as, but with one major difference, none of the Metaverse exists. All of the Metaverse is a simulation. The Metaverse has everything that today’s world has, with may additional features. It has all of the buildings, streets, homes, and everyone is represented in what is called an avatar. An avatar is a digital representation of oneself in the Metaverse. The nicer or fancier the avatar normally means the more time or many spent on designing it. In some ways this is happening already. On the internet there are many games where a person can compete against another person, or a person can play a type of social game in which people get to meet others from around the world. The internet has simple chat rooms and there are also social games in which users will interact with each other. In Snow Crash, Stephenson tells how Hiro, the protagonist in the story, runs into two couples on a double date. Each person is represented as their avatar, and they go out on the town in the Metaverse just and in real life. The social setting to the Metaverse exists in many online environments in which many people meet online and date online.. A MUD would be very comparable to the Metaverse in the sense that a person can be the people in which they are playing. A person can navigate their way in Multi-User Dimension to meet other people and chat with individuals. â€Å"Life in a virtual world is s mix of creative playfulness, purpose and serendipity that needs to be experienced firsthand† (Dyril 1). A closer representation of the Metaverse is what is called a virtual world. Dan Costa sums up a virtual world best by describing virtual worlds as having â€Å"smooth chat features and realistic graphic environment, and they offer subscribers the ability to create unique avatars and wander freely† (Costa 1). This is very similar to Stephenson’s Metaverse in the sense that it gives users the opportunity to socially interact with other users without being physically present.

Freedom of Speech vs. Censorship Essay

Adopted in 1791, the First Amendment, states â€Å"Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Pilon) The freedom of speech documented in the First Amendment is not only a constitutional protection but also an inevitable part of democratic government and independence, which are essential values in society. â€Å"Censorship,† according to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, â€Å"is an almost irresistible impulse when you know you are right† (Sunstein). That is why the American citizen’s right to free speech should be held as the highest virtue and any censorship of freedom of speech should not be allowed, however, should be respected. Freedom of speech is essential part of democratic government because the only way truth can emerge when there is an open competition of ideas. However, there is a strong support of censors hip when people start mentioning extremely offensive opinions. Should the freedom of speech be limited in this case? The answer is â€Å"No†. â€Å"If liberty means anything at all,† writes George Orwell, â€Å"it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.† (Cox) If we want to enjoy the freedom fully, the full protection should be given to the freedom of speech; there are no compromises about it. Freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment is not just a right, which can be declared or abolished. According to the â€Å"liberty theory,† proposed by some legal scholars, freedom of speech is an essential part of the liberty of every person who pursues an individual self-determination and self-realization (Cox). Thus, freedom of speech is also a global right one that permits freedom of personal development and self-expression. Another theoretical ground to support the freedom of speech is called â€Å"tolerance theory.† It holds that the ability to teach and promote tolerance is one of the most important assets of freedom of speech (Cox). From this perspective, freedom of speech itself excludes any type of intolerance, which sometimes appears in a threatening form (religious intolerance, racial intolerance). The â€Å"tolerance theory† implies self-restraint, which is the only appropriate response to any ideas, even those that we may personally may dislike or hate. The â€Å"tolerance theory† provides a broader context for exercising tolerance in a conflict-ridden democratic society. Furthermore, in legal practice there are certain restrictions on freedom of speech imposed by the Supreme Court. They define a few categories of speech, which are considered not to be fully protected by the First Amendment. These categories include defamation, advocacy of imminent illegal conduct, obscenity and, fraudulent misrepresentation (Farber). However, if the speech does not fall within one of these categories, there are no grounds for the government to argue that freedom of speech should be restricted because of its harmful content. One of the common bases for partial censorship is proof that the freedom of speech causes imminent illegal action. The Supreme Court has already drawn a careful line between general abstract theories and political dissent on one hand and particular illegal acts incitement on the other. This line is drawn by definition of â€Å"clear and present danger† test (Farber). The government cannot sue the speaker on the basis of its tendency or possibly illegal conduct incitement. Before any speech is punished on the grounds of incitement, there is an obligatory three-part criterion that should be met. First, the speech must directly incite lawless action. Second, the context of speech must imply imminent breaking of the law, rather than call for illegal conduct at some indefinite future time. At last, there should be a strong intention to produce such conduct (Farber). Such â€Å"clear and present danger† test determines the level of probability of threat imposed by the speech in question. However, the evil, which the government tries to prevent by outlawing the advocacy, does not outweigh the harm of outlawing the free speech. Only when the imposed danger becomes evident, the freedom of speech may be questioned. We must be aware that the price for preventing several cases of the openly declared illegal conduct may be paid by restriction of one of the most essential rights that constitute freedom for the entire nation. For the wellbeing and public safety, the Supreme Court has imposed certain regulations on the freedom of speech not because of its content, but because of the time, place and, manner the speech is being expressed (Farber). The court pointed out in Snyder v. Phelps (2011) that one way to ascertain whether a restriction is content-based versus content-neutral is to consider if the speaker had deliver a different message under exactly the same circumstances (Supreme Court of the United States). However, these rules do not limit the actual freedom of speech and are not even upheld, if there is no public need for this. However, concerning the content-neutral regulation, it raises many controversial issues. The content-neutral regulation requires a very careful distinction and therefore may sometimes be misinterpreted. There is a raising concern that such regulation may weaken people’s right to participate, especially if the government puts too many restrictions on how the ideas should be voiced. Thus, by analyzing the current issues concerning the First Amendment right to free speech in the United States, I wanted to show the perspective of outlawing this right, and the negative aspects t hat such outlawing may involve. Freedom of speech has served a crucial role for the right to dissent and for the entire principle of democracy in our society. This law was developed during the course of American history and only after numerous struggles it was achieved. The evolution of this law is still in progress however, the limitation of the basic right to free speech may as well limit our freedom and democracy, therefore should be respected and protected. Works Cited Cox, A. A Freedom of Expression. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1981. Print. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. By Roger Pilon. N.p.: Cato Institute, 2000. 1-10. Print. Farber, D. The First Amendment. New York: Foundation Press, 1998. Print. Sunstein, C. Democracy and the Prolem of Free Speech. New York: Free Press, 1993. Print. United States v. Kozminski – 487 U.S. 931 (1988). U.S. Supreme Court, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. . United States. Supreme Court. â€Å"Supreme Court of the United States of America.† Supreme Court of the United States of America, Oct. 2010. Web. 1 May 2013. .

Marketing Campaign

Nicole Abeyta Marketing Project Professor Liz Thomas-Hensley Marketing in the 21st Century February 11, 2013 Abeyta 1 Executive Summary: Stephanie Abeyta is an up and coming cosmetologist, she loves art and she expresses it through a variety of creative techniques. Stephanie wants to create trendy looks through hair, makeup, and nail design that will meet the needs of all her customers. Mission: Evolve infinitely in peace, beauty, and Happiness Vision: †¢ Build a mass clientele base †¢Create Art †¢Meet the needs of clients Promoting a variety of beauty techniques †¢Linking with the business community of fashion, weddings and formal events †¢ Promoting stylish trends †¢Anticipating trends in the fashion world †¢Advancing lifelong relationships †¢Respecting the diversity of clients Abeyta 2 Goals: Stephanie’s goal as a cosmetologist is to create beauty, and create magic. Stephanie wants the world to be a happier, beautiful place!! At times she would like to be living in L. A. as Chelsea Handlers personal makeup artist, or doing hair and makeup for fashion shows.She would also love to own her own salon, maybe design a small clothing line and own a boutique connected to the salon. She would like to have a successful business where her friends and family can work with her, and help her run it. There are many paths that Stephanie would like to take to build her career. The clearest vision she has for herself is to live a happy, inspired life. Stephanie is an artist, and people are her canvas. Giving a beautiful new haircut, a dazzling new color, or something outrageous for a high fashion photo shoot is how she creates art.This art she creates is beautiful, and spread worldwide by others just like her. She wants to spread beauty and therefore make people happy. History: It started with a braid, a french braid or a cornrow. Blue eye shadow and pink blush, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Paint brushes, water color, sket ch pads, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Art wasn't something she became interested in; it was something that ran through her veins. She was born to create are. She explored many artistic avenues; drawing, painting, nail art, writing, make-up, but it always came back to beauty.Why not create art with hair and makeup? Stephanie tried to major in psychology, English, media, but it wasn’t until she took her tour at Paul Mitchell the School that she knew that's where she belonged. She felt at home, and at that point she knew cosmetology was something she was born to do! Abeyta 3 Services Provided: Hair: †¢Color †¢Cutting †¢Styling †¢Texture (Perms & Relaxers) Nails: †¢Manicures †¢Pedicures †¢Silk Wraps †¢Acrylic †¢Nail Design (Free Hand) Spa: †¢Facials †¢Waxing Makeup: * Makeup Application Abeyta 4 Competitors: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists)Demographics: †¢General Public †¢F ashion Industry †¢People in Formal Events Current Presence in the Market: Currently there is not a strong presence of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology in the social media market. Currently Stephanie is working on a professional Facebook page showcasing the work she has done thus far. Also Stephanie is working on tutorials for nails and makeup techniques to post on YouTube. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢Plenty of room to grow †¢Special niche with makeup and nails †¢Creative Abeyta 5 Weaknesses: †¢No social media †¢No time for social media Current clients don't have knowledge about services †¢Basic knowledge of social media Opportunities: †¢Exponential amount of room to grow †¢Stronger interactive presence †¢Stronger physical presence †¢Promotion of self †¢Promotion of creativity †¢Brand Building †¢Client Building Threats: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists) Abeyta 6 How Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology’s social media strategy fits into her overall marketing strategy: Stephanie is well aware that having a social media strategy is detrimental to her overall marketing strategy.Having a strong presence in the social media market, she will have knowledge gained and the view of benefits of utilizing interactive marketing techniques to promote her brand to exciting levels of high rates of returns on investment. Utilizing these interactive marketing techniques successfully will bring high volume of clientele, creating art and evolve infinitely in peace, beauty and happiness. Ultimately reaching the goals of the marketing strategy set forth for her individual entity as a Cosmetologist. Interview:Stephanie Abeyta, cosmetologist, was generous enough to provide time and valuable insight on the multiplicities and complexities that promote the utilization of interactive marketing within her individual entity. Overall logistics is th e driving and controlling entity to where Stephanie establishes her plan of action of whether or not to design and construct a social media presence or not. The interview with Stephanie Abeyta was quite beneficial on the direction of where and how social media will be implemented with her individual entity.Following is a transcript of the interview I had with Stephanie Abeyta. Abeyta 7 What are your thoughts on social media and its role in Cosmetology? â€Å"I believe it plays a big role in cosmetology because hair, makeup, and nail photos are all shared on pintrest, Facebook and other social media platforms. Sharing photos is a great way to get my creative work showcased†. Do you believe having a strong presence in the social media market will help gain clientele? â€Å"Yes, I believe more people will see what my capabilities are in regards to hair, nails, and makeup. The more people see my work the better chance of hem becoming potential clients†. What is social medi a to you and your individual entity? â€Å"Social media means exposure of my art and my brand. I believe this will ultimately lead to my goal of building a clientele base†. How does social media work, in recruiting clientele? â€Å"People will share my work on all social media platforms and hopefully that will bring potential clients in. if I get clients to like my work they will spread the word to their friends and family†. Abeyta 8 What kind of presence does your individual entity have in the social media market right now? As of right now, I have no forms of social media up, but I am currently working on a professional Facebook that will showcase the work I have done thus far. I am also working on tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks with hair, nails, and makeup and I will be posting these tutorials on YouTube†. Identification of the â€Å"Why, How, and What's behind the product or service. Why? – Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity as of right now does not have a strong presence in the social media market.With our marketing strategy objectives we would like to build brand awareness and build clientele for Stephanie's individual entity. We would also like to build a strong presence in the social media market. This will generate an increase in clientele base as well as an increase of awareness of Stephanie's brand. How? – In order to build brand awareness, clientele and a strong presence in the social media market we will use many strategies incorporating a wide array of social media tools to promote and inform current and future clients.Our marketing strategy tools, includes the use of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and a personal website for Stephanie Abeyta. We plan to reach out to current and future clients by making it an interactive platform for all to use. Abeyta 9 What? – Using all social media platforms, we intend to strengthen the overall b rand of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology and emerge into the social media market with a special niche that will give this entity the competitive advantage over all other competitors. Identification of Marketing Objectives:Marketing Objectives: †¢Build brand awareness of individual entity †¢Build a strong presence in the social media market †¢Increase volume of clientele base Metrics for Success: †¢Facebook views and followers †¢Twitter followers †¢YouTube views and followers †¢Views of personal website †¢Increase of clientele (by # visits) Abeyta 10 In order to see how successful our marketing objectives are in this advertising campaign to build brand awareness and clientele of Stephanie's individual entity we will use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube views, likes, and followers.We intend to have a least 1,000 followers, likes and views the first year of this campaign to deem our advertising campaign as successful. We will also look at the percentages of visits in the salon, retention and the number of clients who return and compare to the beginning months of this campaign to see if our ROI in this advertising campaign is successful. With using all these metrics for success we hope to achieve a qualitative brand experience that is informing to current and future clients about all services and products Stephanie has to offer.In the current marketing environment that is surrounded by social media, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are the new ways of reaching out to clients. Our social media campaign is not only used to approach clients, but to create a buzz and engagement for current and potential clients. Facebook- Facebook is the most popular social media method as of today. This would be our primary method of reaching out to our target market because so many people are already familiar with this site. Stephanie's individual entity will utilize Facebook's timeline to generate client involvement. Clients wil l be chosen t random and appear as the timeline photo as style of the week. Facebook will also be used to showcase the capabilities of what Stephanie can do as hair, makeup and nails. We will also encourage clients to check in on Facebook so it will show up on their news feed and their friends will start to recognize Stephanie's creative work. Abeyta 11 An example of a Facebook post: â€Å"Check out new spring trends for hair, nails, makeup every Wednesday!!! † Twitter- This form of social networking is not the largest or the favorite; however, it is growing and has opportunity. The hash tag is an easy way for people to talk about the same subject.Stephanie will use this hash tag and connect with individuals who enjoy great deals at a salon. The clients that view this hash tag will be introduced to deals and coupons to use with their visit to the salon. An example of a Tweet would be: â€Å"Two for one special cut and color all week staring February 6th-14th. Bring promotion al code FEB13 to salon!!! #ValentineDeal#Stephanie Abeyta YouTube- A social networking site that is informative and entertaining. Stephanie will use YouTube as a platform to create tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks from hair, nails, and makeup that are trending.First tutorial on updos coming soon! The knowledge gained and experience established throughout building this advertising campaign has been beneficial for both me and Stephanie. It is evident that interactive marketing techniques utilized in various industries can catapult promotion of brands and services to exciting levels of high rates on returns on investment. The denial of social media on industries can be a detriment in substance of competitiveness with rivals and prospects. Marketing Campaign Nicole Abeyta Marketing Project Professor Liz Thomas-Hensley Marketing in the 21st Century February 11, 2013 Abeyta 1 Executive Summary: Stephanie Abeyta is an up and coming cosmetologist, she loves art and she expresses it through a variety of creative techniques. Stephanie wants to create trendy looks through hair, makeup, and nail design that will meet the needs of all her customers. Mission: Evolve infinitely in peace, beauty, and Happiness Vision: †¢ Build a mass clientele base †¢Create Art †¢Meet the needs of clients Promoting a variety of beauty techniques †¢Linking with the business community of fashion, weddings and formal events †¢ Promoting stylish trends †¢Anticipating trends in the fashion world †¢Advancing lifelong relationships †¢Respecting the diversity of clients Abeyta 2 Goals: Stephanie’s goal as a cosmetologist is to create beauty, and create magic. Stephanie wants the world to be a happier, beautiful place!! At times she would like to be living in L. A. as Chelsea Handlers personal makeup artist, or doing hair and makeup for fashion shows.She would also love to own her own salon, maybe design a small clothing line and own a boutique connected to the salon. She would like to have a successful business where her friends and family can work with her, and help her run it. There are many paths that Stephanie would like to take to build her career. The clearest vision she has for herself is to live a happy, inspired life. Stephanie is an artist, and people are her canvas. Giving a beautiful new haircut, a dazzling new color, or something outrageous for a high fashion photo shoot is how she creates art.This art she creates is beautiful, and spread worldwide by others just like her. She wants to spread beauty and therefore make people happy. History: It started with a braid, a french braid or a cornrow. Blue eye shadow and pink blush, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Paint brushes, water color, sket ch pads, oh yeah, it started at a young age. Art wasn't something she became interested in; it was something that ran through her veins. She was born to create are. She explored many artistic avenues; drawing, painting, nail art, writing, make-up, but it always came back to beauty.Why not create art with hair and makeup? Stephanie tried to major in psychology, English, media, but it wasn’t until she took her tour at Paul Mitchell the School that she knew that's where she belonged. She felt at home, and at that point she knew cosmetology was something she was born to do! Abeyta 3 Services Provided: Hair: †¢Color †¢Cutting †¢Styling †¢Texture (Perms & Relaxers) Nails: †¢Manicures †¢Pedicures †¢Silk Wraps †¢Acrylic †¢Nail Design (Free Hand) Spa: †¢Facials †¢Waxing Makeup: * Makeup Application Abeyta 4 Competitors: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists)Demographics: †¢General Public †¢F ashion Industry †¢People in Formal Events Current Presence in the Market: Currently there is not a strong presence of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology in the social media market. Currently Stephanie is working on a professional Facebook page showcasing the work she has done thus far. Also Stephanie is working on tutorials for nails and makeup techniques to post on YouTube. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢Plenty of room to grow †¢Special niche with makeup and nails †¢Creative Abeyta 5 Weaknesses: †¢No social media †¢No time for social media Current clients don't have knowledge about services †¢Basic knowledge of social media Opportunities: †¢Exponential amount of room to grow †¢Stronger interactive presence †¢Stronger physical presence †¢Promotion of self †¢Promotion of creativity †¢Brand Building †¢Client Building Threats: †¢Fellow Students †¢Working Professionals (Cosmetologists) Abeyta 6 How Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology’s social media strategy fits into her overall marketing strategy: Stephanie is well aware that having a social media strategy is detrimental to her overall marketing strategy.Having a strong presence in the social media market, she will have knowledge gained and the view of benefits of utilizing interactive marketing techniques to promote her brand to exciting levels of high rates of returns on investment. Utilizing these interactive marketing techniques successfully will bring high volume of clientele, creating art and evolve infinitely in peace, beauty and happiness. Ultimately reaching the goals of the marketing strategy set forth for her individual entity as a Cosmetologist. Interview:Stephanie Abeyta, cosmetologist, was generous enough to provide time and valuable insight on the multiplicities and complexities that promote the utilization of interactive marketing within her individual entity. Overall logistics is th e driving and controlling entity to where Stephanie establishes her plan of action of whether or not to design and construct a social media presence or not. The interview with Stephanie Abeyta was quite beneficial on the direction of where and how social media will be implemented with her individual entity.Following is a transcript of the interview I had with Stephanie Abeyta. Abeyta 7 What are your thoughts on social media and its role in Cosmetology? â€Å"I believe it plays a big role in cosmetology because hair, makeup, and nail photos are all shared on pintrest, Facebook and other social media platforms. Sharing photos is a great way to get my creative work showcased†. Do you believe having a strong presence in the social media market will help gain clientele? â€Å"Yes, I believe more people will see what my capabilities are in regards to hair, nails, and makeup. The more people see my work the better chance of hem becoming potential clients†. What is social medi a to you and your individual entity? â€Å"Social media means exposure of my art and my brand. I believe this will ultimately lead to my goal of building a clientele base†. How does social media work, in recruiting clientele? â€Å"People will share my work on all social media platforms and hopefully that will bring potential clients in. if I get clients to like my work they will spread the word to their friends and family†. Abeyta 8 What kind of presence does your individual entity have in the social media market right now? As of right now, I have no forms of social media up, but I am currently working on a professional Facebook that will showcase the work I have done thus far. I am also working on tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks with hair, nails, and makeup and I will be posting these tutorials on YouTube†. Identification of the â€Å"Why, How, and What's behind the product or service. Why? – Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity as of right now does not have a strong presence in the social media market.With our marketing strategy objectives we would like to build brand awareness and build clientele for Stephanie's individual entity. We would also like to build a strong presence in the social media market. This will generate an increase in clientele base as well as an increase of awareness of Stephanie's brand. How? – In order to build brand awareness, clientele and a strong presence in the social media market we will use many strategies incorporating a wide array of social media tools to promote and inform current and future clients.Our marketing strategy tools, includes the use of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and a personal website for Stephanie Abeyta. We plan to reach out to current and future clients by making it an interactive platform for all to use. Abeyta 9 What? – Using all social media platforms, we intend to strengthen the overall b rand of Stephanie Abeyta's individual entity of cosmetology and emerge into the social media market with a special niche that will give this entity the competitive advantage over all other competitors. Identification of Marketing Objectives:Marketing Objectives: †¢Build brand awareness of individual entity †¢Build a strong presence in the social media market †¢Increase volume of clientele base Metrics for Success: †¢Facebook views and followers †¢Twitter followers †¢YouTube views and followers †¢Views of personal website †¢Increase of clientele (by # visits) Abeyta 10 In order to see how successful our marketing objectives are in this advertising campaign to build brand awareness and clientele of Stephanie's individual entity we will use Facebook, Twitter and YouTube views, likes, and followers.We intend to have a least 1,000 followers, likes and views the first year of this campaign to deem our advertising campaign as successful. We will also look at the percentages of visits in the salon, retention and the number of clients who return and compare to the beginning months of this campaign to see if our ROI in this advertising campaign is successful. With using all these metrics for success we hope to achieve a qualitative brand experience that is informing to current and future clients about all services and products Stephanie has to offer.In the current marketing environment that is surrounded by social media, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are the new ways of reaching out to clients. Our social media campaign is not only used to approach clients, but to create a buzz and engagement for current and potential clients. Facebook- Facebook is the most popular social media method as of today. This would be our primary method of reaching out to our target market because so many people are already familiar with this site. Stephanie's individual entity will utilize Facebook's timeline to generate client involvement. Clients wil l be chosen t random and appear as the timeline photo as style of the week. Facebook will also be used to showcase the capabilities of what Stephanie can do as hair, makeup and nails. We will also encourage clients to check in on Facebook so it will show up on their news feed and their friends will start to recognize Stephanie's creative work. Abeyta 11 An example of a Facebook post: â€Å"Check out new spring trends for hair, nails, makeup every Wednesday!!! † Twitter- This form of social networking is not the largest or the favorite; however, it is growing and has opportunity. The hash tag is an easy way for people to talk about the same subject.Stephanie will use this hash tag and connect with individuals who enjoy great deals at a salon. The clients that view this hash tag will be introduced to deals and coupons to use with their visit to the salon. An example of a Tweet would be: â€Å"Two for one special cut and color all week staring February 6th-14th. Bring promotion al code FEB13 to salon!!! #ValentineDeal#Stephanie Abeyta YouTube- A social networking site that is informative and entertaining. Stephanie will use YouTube as a platform to create tutorials that will teach interested individuals how to get certain looks from hair, nails, and makeup that are trending.First tutorial on updos coming soon! The knowledge gained and experience established throughout building this advertising campaign has been beneficial for both me and Stephanie. It is evident that interactive marketing techniques utilized in various industries can catapult promotion of brands and services to exciting levels of high rates on returns on investment. The denial of social media on industries can be a detriment in substance of competitiveness with rivals and prospects.